The largest and heaviest of all living birds, the common ostrich (Struthio camelus) is instantly recognizable, with its long, bare neck, large body and long, sturdy legs. Despite its relatively small head, it is also notable for having the largest eyes of any land animal, measuring an impressive five centimeters in diameter, and protected by long black lashes. The adult male ostrich has black plumage, with a white tail and primary feathers, and a bright pinkish or blue neck in the breeding season. The female is smaller and is grey-brown in color, while immature birds resemble the female, but are slightly darker. Four subspecies are recognized, differing mainly in the color of the neck and legs of the male, and in the amount of feathering on the head. Not needed for flight, the ostrich’s feathers are unusual in that they lack the tiny hooks that hold the feather together, so leaving the barbs (the ‘branches’ of the feather) loose, and giving a very soft, smooth plumage. The ostrich is also the only bird to have just two toes on each rather prehistoric-looking foot. The inner toe is thick and strong, adapted for running, and is armed with a formidable, ten-centimeter-long claw, which can be used in defense.
Lifespan[]
Ostriches can live up to 50 years in the wild. Up to 70 years in captivity.
Diet[]
Ostriches eat mostly grass, but will often eat bugs.
Vocalizations[]
The ostrich has quite an extensive vocal repertoire, using a variety of whistles, snorts and guttural noises to communicate, as well as other sounds such as bill-snapping. The male also produces a loud “booming” call, which sounds rather like the roar of a lion and is produced during display, or at night when a predator is nearby.
Speed[]
Despite being flightless, the ostrich can run up to 40 miles per hour, or 70 km per hour, making it the fastest running bird!
Predators[]
Ostriches are hunted by lions, cheetahs, hyenas, painted dogs, and leopards.
